Table 3.
Anthropometric characteristics, fasting and postprandial values of subjects homozygote for PPARγ2 Pro12Pro at the end of each intervention period
| Preparation | Linoleic acid from safflower oil | Tonalin® (50:50 mix) | Cis-9, trans-11 CLA | Trans-10, cis-12 CLA | p-Value within group |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropometry | |||||
| Weight | 85.3 (±2.3) | 85.3 (±2.3) | 85.0 (±2.3) | 84.5 (±2.3) | 0.690 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.2 (±0.6) | 26.2 (±0.5) | 26.1 (±0.5) | 26.0 (±0.5) | 0.591 |
| Waist (cm) | 102.1 (±1.5)a | 102.1 (±1.6)a | 102.3 (±1.5)a | 101.3 (±1.5)b | 0.033* |
| Hip (cm) | 105.8 (±1.1) | 105.8 (±1.1) | 105.5 (±1.1) | 104.5 (±1.1) | 0.772 |
| Waist/hip ratio | 0.96 (±0.01) | 0.96 (±0.01) | 0.97 (±0.01) | 0.96 (±0.01) | 0.686 |
| Fasting values | |||||
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 95.6 (±1.7) | 97.9 (±2.0) | 97.4 (±1.8) | 96.2 (±1.8) | 0.440 |
| Insulin (μU/ml) | 12.4 (±1.4) | 13.2 (±1.5) | 12.4 (±1.6) | 12.0 (±1.4) | 0.789 |
| HOMA-IR | 3.0 (±0.4) | 3.3 (±0.4) | 3.0 (±0.4) | 2.9 (±0.3) | 0.707 |
| Triacylglycerols (mg/dl) | 122.0 (±12.6) | 125.8 (±13.8) | 117.0 (±10.8) | 125.4 (±14.9) | 0.930 |
| Adiponectin (ng/ml) | 7,342 (±678) | 7,552 (±689) | 7,695 (±644) | 7,215 (±628) | 0.110 |
| Leptin (pg/ml) | 4,929 (±682)a | 4,365 (±513)a,b | 4,683 (±650)a,b | 4,015 (±570)b | 0.083 |
| Postprandial values | |||||
| Glucose AUC (mg/dl) | 483.2 (±11.3) | 481.7 (±8.6) | 470.7 (±9.2) | 483.1 (±13.4) | 0.221 |
| Insulin AUC (μU/ml) | 150.5 (±13.8) | 141.0 (±12.8) | 143.2 (±15.7) | 147.4 (±17.0) | 0.688 |
| HOMA-IR AUC | 183.1 (±18.2) | 170.2 (±16.2) | 167.6 (±19.1) | 181.4 (±24.8) | 0.446 |
| Triacylglycerols (mg/dl) | 1,695 (±190) | 1,704 (±184) | 1,520 (±154) | 1,679 (±199) | 0.254 |
| Adiponectin 5 h (ng/ml) | 7,296 (±626) | 7,479 (±645) | 7,456 (±623) | 7,304 (±617) | 0.799 |
| Leptin AUC (pg/ml) | 38,201 (±4,997)a | 35,301 (±4,266)a,b | 37,630 (±5,206)a | 32,483 (±4,804)b | 0.063 |
All values are expressed as mean ± SEM
CLA conjugated linoleic acid, BMI body mass index
* Significant differences between intervention periods in overall test (p ≤ 0.05; MANOVA). Duncan’s post hoc test was used to describe where the differences between intervention groups appeared. Means that are significantly different from others are marked as unlike letters. p-Value ≤0.1 was seen as a trend. To demonstrate where differences occurred in analyses, means were marked as unlike letters, too