Table 1.
Summary of diet-induced dysbiosis.
| Diet | Bacteria Altered | Effect on Bacteria | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| High-fat | Bifidobacteria spp. | Decreased (absent) | [45] |
| High-fat and high-sugar | Clostridium innocuum, Catenibacterium mitsuokai and Enterococcus spp. | Increased | [18] |
| Bacteroides spp. | Decreased | [18] | |
| Carbohydrate-reduced | Bacteroidetes | Increased | [49] |
| Calorie-restricted | Clostridium coccoides, Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacteria spp. | Decreased (growth prevented) | [48] |
| Complex carbohydrates | Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and Enterobacteriaceae | Decreased | [49] |
| B. longum subspecies longum, B.breve and B. thetaiotaomicron | Increased | [53] | |
| Refined sugars | C. difficile and C. perfringens | Increased | [54,55] |
| Vegetarian | E. coli | Decreased | [56] |
| High n-6 PUFA from safflower oil | Bacteroidetes | Decreased | [59,60] |
| Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria | Increased | [59,60] | |
| δ-Proteobacteria | Increased | [61] | |
| Animal milk fat | δ-Proteobacteria | Increased | [62] |