Table 2.

Group Means and Differences Between Group Means for all Outcomes

Outcomes	Intervention			Usual Care			P Value†
	Baseline	3Month	12Month	Baseline	3Month	12Month
Primary
Insulin (uIU/ml)	10.26 ± 6.09	10.04 ± 7.21	11.4 ± 6.84	10.39 ± 8.58	10.45 ± 7.82	10.28 ± 5.59	.43‡
Glucose (mg/dl)	110.51 ± 6.95	106.96 ± 9.59	104.35 ± 9.62	110.60 ± 7.10	107.63 ± 9.62	104.38 ± 11.97	.91‡
HOMA_IR	1.41 ± 0.83	1.35 ± 0.82	1.49 ± 0.94	1.45 ± 1.20	1.42 ± 1.14	1.37 ± 0.86	.58
Secondary Metabolic
Hemoglobin A1c	5.89 ± 0.41	5.93 ± 0.42	5.90 ± 0.44	5.91 ± 0.41	5.91 ± 0.43	5.93 ± 0.36	.08
Total Cholesterol (mg/dl)	171.1 ± 33.8	167.5 ±31.5	167.9 ±32.7	179.0 ±36.7	176.5 ±34.1	171.6 ±33.9	.68
HDL (mg/dl)	39.2 ±12.6	40.0 ±11.8	45.3 ±13.2	38.5 ±11.1	40.0 ±11.7	44.8 ±13.3	.87‡
LDL (mg/dl)	105.7 ±30.5	103.1 ±28.7	98.1 ±30.0	113.7 ±31.3	111.4 ±31.1	102.2 ±31.5	.84‡
Triglycerides (mg/dl)	131.8 ±69.5	121.1 ±64.3	131.4 ±74.0	144.6 ±139.7	133.3 ±114.9	123.2 ±64.2	.25
Physical Activity
PA Endurance (min/wk)	73.39 ± 119.81	124.30 ± 127.15	133.60 ± 136.47	115..29 ± 183.66	92.87 ±115.01	112.62 ± 135.45	<.001
PA Strength (min/wk)	19.19 ± 74.97	20.92 ± 33.46	28.44 ± 57.62	25.11 ± 75.68	27.42 ± 68.69	40.15 ± 93.35	.11
Health Related QOL
General Health (range 0–100)	61.39 ± 39.40	59.84 ± 42.59	58.12 ± 42.29	65.78 ± 39.52	66.37 ± 42.75	61.68 ± 41.82	.92
Physical Function (range 0–100)	62.94 ± 20.97	63.97 ± 21.30	62.52 ± 21.79	66.88 ± 20.60	67.08 ± 19.86	66.24 ± 20.91	.09
6-minute walk, (m)	495.7 ± 119.9	516.5 ± 128.2	518.3 ± 127.4	500.9 ± 109.3	526.4 ± 113.9	517.2 ± 129.1	.81
Anthrometric
BMI	31.35 ± 3.75	30.90 ± 3.73	30.74 ± 3.88	30.97 ± 3.45	30.89 ± 3.60	30.64 ± 3.62	.31
Weight (kg)	94.08 ± 13.03	92.89 ± 12.69	92.60 ± 13.62	94.51 ± 12.81	94.28 ± 13.10	93.67 ± 13.13	.34
Waist Circumference (cm)	104.22 ± 9.04	104.23 ± 8.53	103.92 ± 10.02	103.98 ± 8.51	104.03 ± 8.10	104.43 ± 11.73	.68

^† P values are for the group X time interactions indicating between group differences

^‡P<0.001 for time effect with no between group differences