Table 1.
Characteristics of the sample at baseline by fall status at follow-up (n=847)
| Covariates | Falls (n=392) | No Falls (n=455) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | ||
| Age, mean (±SD) | 82.2 (±4.5) | 81.9 (±4.3) | |||
| Education, mean (±SD) | 4.8 (±3.9) | 5.2 (±3.8) | |||
| Gender (women) | 276 | 70.4 | 272 | 59.8 | |
| Marital Status (married) | 141 | 36.0 | 209 | 45.9 | |
| Diabetes | 149 | 38.0 | 137 | 30.1 | |
| Arthritis | 258 | 66.2 | 269 | 59.5 | |
| Hypertension | 186 | 54.9 | 218 | 55.1 | |
| Heart Attack | 12 | 3.1 | 13 | 2.9 | |
| Stroke | 20 | 5.1 | 23 | 5.1 | |
| Urinary Incontinence | 181 | 46.3 | 163 | 35.8 | |
| Near Vision | 14 | 3.6 | 7 | 1.5 | |
| Depressive Symptoms | 86 | 21.9 | 58 | 12.8 | |
| ADL disability | 147 | 37.5 | 146 | 32.1 | |
| IADL disability | 314 | 80.1 | 317 | 69.7 | |
| Uses Walking Aid | 48 | 14.0 | 52 | 12.9 | |
| MMSE total, mean(±SD) | 20.9 (±4.4) | 21.4 (±4.5) | |||
| Balance (From SPPB) | |||||
| 0 (Unable) | 88 | 22.6 | 91 | 20.1 | |
| 1 | 56 | 14.4 | 29 | 6.4 | |
| 2 | 64 | 16.4 | 60 | 13.3 | |
| 3 | 41 | 10.5 | 57 | 12.6 | |
| 4 | 141 | 36.2 | 216 | 47.7 | |
| Frailty Index | |||||
| Not Frail | 131 | 33.4 | 195 | 42.9 | |
| Pre-frail | 204 | 52.0 | 212 | 46.6 | |
| Frail | 57 | 14.5 | 48 | 10.6 | |
SD= Standard Deviation; ADL = Activities of Daily Living; IADL = Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; MMSE = Mini Mental State Exam; SPPB = Short Physical Performance Battery