Table 1.
Comparison of oral hypoglycemic agents used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus
| Class of hypoglycemic agents | Duration of action | Reduction in HbA1c (%) | Reduction in FPG (mg/dL) | Dosage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sulfonylureas | 12–24 hours | 0.8–2.0 | 60–70 | |
| Glyburide | Up to 24 hours | 1.25–20 mg as single dose or in two divided doses | ||
| Glipizide | 6–12 hours | 2.5–20 mg twice a day | ||
| Gliclazide | 12 hours | 40–80 mg single dose 160–320 | ||
| Glimepiride | Up to 24 hours | 1–4 mg once 8 mg max | ||
| Meglitinides analogues | 3 hours | 0.5–2.0 | 65–75 | 0.5–4 mg TDS |
| Biguanides | 7–12 hours | 1.5–2.0 | 50–70 | 1–2.5 g/day |
| Thiazolidinediones | Up to 24 hours | 0.5–1.5 | 25–50 | 15–45 mg/day |
| α-Glucosidase inhibitor | 4 hours | 0.7–1.0 | 35–40 | 25–100 mg TDS |
| DDP-4 inhibitors | 24 hours | 0.5–1.4 | – | |
| Sitagliptin | 100 mg once daily | |||
| Sexagliptin | 2.5 mg/5 g once daily | |||
| Vildagliptin | 50 mg once or twice daily | |||
| Linagliptin | 05 mg once daily |
Abbreviations: FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; TDS, three times daily.