Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2012 Sep 21;7(9):e45251. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045251

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2012 Smith et al

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

PMC Copyright notice

A double-pulse inactivation protocol was used to evaluate the inactivation kinetics of Na+ current in the presence of 1 µM TTX (A) and 1 µM TTX with 3 µM morphine (B). Boltzmann analysis (B) reveled that morphine shifted the inactivation curve of TTX-resistant Na⁺ channels down and to the left, as reflected in a significant reduction of the v_0.5 and k values. Activation kinetics were unaffected.