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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Med. 2012 Jan 25;42(9):1997–2010. doi: 10.1017/S0033291712000025

Table 3. Predictive associations (odds-ratios) along with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of number of lifetime estimated DSM-IV disorders with the subsequent first onset of other estimated DSM-IV disorders based on the best-fitting multivariate survival model (n = 6,483)a.

Number of predictor disorders

2 3 4 5 6 7+
Outcome disorders OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI)

I. Fear disorders
  Specific phobia 1.0 0.5-2.0 0.3 0.1-1.1 0.9 0.2-4.9 0.7 0.1-7.0 1.2 0.1-11.4 3.6 0.3-45.5
  Agoraphobiab 0.6 0.2-1.7 0.4 0.0-2.4 0.4 0.0-3.8 0.1 0.0-2.0 0.0* 0.0-0.8 0.0 0.0-6.4
  Social phobia 0.8 0.4-1.9 0.6 0.2-2.0 0.4 0.1-2.7 0.1 0.0-1.5 0.1* 0.0-0.7 1.0 0.0-65.5
  Panic disorderc 0.9 0.4-2.2 1.1 0.2-6.7 0.4 0.0-7.6 0.3 0.0-6.4 0.4 0.0-14.1 0.0 0.0-5.1
II. Distress disorders
  Separation anxiety disorder 0.7 0.3-1.6 1.0 0.3-3.2 0.9 0.2-4.7 0.7 0.1-5.4 0.0* 0.0-0.2 1.8 0.1-51.6
  Post-traumatic stress disorder 0.7 0.3-1.6 0.6 0.1-2.3 0.1* 0.0-0.3 0.1* 0.0-0.7 0.1 0.0-1.7 0.0* 0.0-0.4
  Major depressive disorder/dysthymia 0.8 0.4-1.3 0.4* 0.2-0.8 0.2* 0.1-0.6 0.1* 0.0-0.2 0.1* 0.0-0.4 - -
  Generalized anxiety disorder 1.0 0-.33.6 0.9 0.1-5.5 0.7 0.1-9.0 0.2 0.0-3.5 0.2 0.0-8.8 0.0 0.0-28.6
III. Behavior disorders
  Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder 1.2 0.3-5.1 3.0 0.3-30.2 0.6 0.0-15.3
  Oppositional defiant disorder 0.8 0.4-1.6 0.6 0.3-1.2 0.2* 0.0-0.9 0.1* 0.0-0.8 0.0* 0.0-0.4 0.0* 0.0-0.5
  Conduct disorder 1.0 0.5-2.4 0.4 0.1-1.2 0.4 0.6-2.0 0.2 0.0-1.3 0.1 0.0-1.0 0.2 0.0-9.6
  Eating disordersd 0.8 0.3-2.1 0.3* 0.1-0.8 0.2 0.0-1.2 0.2 0.0-1.4 0.1 0.0-1.3 0.0* 0.0-0.04
IV. Substance disorders
  Alcohol abusee 0.6 0.2-1.8 0.6 0.1-2.8 0.3 0.0-2.2 0.1* 0.0-0.9 0.0* 0.0-0.4 0.0 0.0-1.6
  Drug abusee 0.9 0.4-1.9 0.4 0.2-1.3 0.2* 0.0-1.0 0.1* 0.0-1.0 0.3 0.0-4.6 0.0* 0.0-0.4
V. Other disorders
  Bipolar disorderf 0.4* 0.2-0.8 0.2* 0.1-0.6 0.2 0.0-0.7 0.0* 0.0-0.3 0.0* 0.0-0.02 0.0* 0.0-0.02
*

Significant at the .05-level, two-sided test

a

Based on a discrete-time (person-year) survival model in which first lifetime onset of each of the 15 estimated DSM-IV disorders is predicted by 14 dummy variables for prior lifetime history of the other disorders, dummy variables for number of prior lifetime disorders (2-7+), and socio-demographic controls (sex, race/ethnicity, region of the country, urbanicity, parent education, number of biological parents with whom the adolescent lives, birth order, number of siblings, and age).

b

Agoraphobia is assessed with or without panic disorder

c

Panic Disorder is assessed with or without agoraphobia

d

Includes anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder

e

With or without dependence

f

includes Bipolar-I, Bipolar-II, and sub-threshold bipolar disorder