Figure 2.

Human neuroimaging studies that indicate differential contributions of striatal sub-regions in associative encoding. (a) Striatal activity tracking the development of habits in posterior lateral striatum (top) and during goal-directed instrumental performance in anterior DMS (bottom). Reproduced, with permission, from [23] and [22], respectively. (b) Activity in the lateral striatum (top) as participants executed a well-trained motor sequence and in the DMS (bottom) as participants planned performance of a self-generated, novel, motor sequence. Reproduced, with permission, from [5]. No effects were found in the DMS when participants planned performance of a well-trained sequence (condition not shown here). (c) Effects in the VS (left) for the conjunction of high versus low incentives and correlation with performance levels. Activity in the lateral striatum is correlated with VS activity when the task entails high demands on motor performance (center), while activity in the medial striatum (right) correlates with the VS signal during high demands on cognitive performance. Reproduced, with permission, from [13]. (d) Imaging effects in the lateral VS for specific PIT (left) and in the medial VS for general PIT (right). Reproduced, with permission, from [47] and [46] respectively. (e) BOLD responses in the VS in anticipation of monetary gain (left) and loss (right), with % signal change shown in bar graph on far right, for gain (blue), no outcome (gray), and loss (red). Reproduced, with permission, from [64].