Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants, by race/ethnicity.
| NHW (ref) | Hispanic | AA | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n=197) | (n=185) | (n=40) | |
| Demographic Characteristics | |||
| Age (years) | 10.2 (1.1) | 10.2 (1.5) | 10.2 (1.6) |
| Males: N (%) | 86 (43.7%) | 99 (53.5%)* | 19 (47.5%) |
| Pre-Pubertal: N (%) | 77 (39.1%) | 87 (47%) | 13 (32.5%) |
| Behavioral Characteristics | |||
| Total calories (kcal/day) | 1803 (532) | 1831 (594) | 1915 (654) |
| Calories from fat (% of total) | 35.1 | 36.1* | 36.8 |
| Physical Activity (blocks/day) | 5.2 (3.1) | 3.8 (2.4)* | 2.6 (1.9)* |
| Adiposity and Fat Patterning | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 17.8 (3.2) | 19.6 (4.9)* | 22.5 (6.6)* |
| BMI z-score | −0.06 (1.2) | 0.4 (0.4)* | 0.9 (1.3)* |
| Waist (cm) | 62.3 (8.1) | 67.8 (13.1)* | 73.4 (18.1)* |
| VAT (cm2) | 2.1 (1.6) | 2.4 (1.7) | 2.3 (1.5) |
| SAT (cm2) | 9.3 (7) | 13.6 (11.6)* | 19.5 (17.7)* |
| VSR | 0.27 | 0.23* | 0.18* |
| STR | 0.7 | 0.8* | 0.8* |
| IMCL (institutional units) | 2 | 2.6* | 3* |
| Components of the Metabolic Syndrome | |||
| Waist ≥ 90th percentile: N (%) | 18 (9.1%) | 27 (14.6%) | 14 (35%)* |
| Triglycerides ≥ 110 mg/dl: N (%) | 49 (24.9%) | 46 (24.9%) | 8 (20%) |
| Glucose ≥ 110 mg/dl: N (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| HDLc mg/dl < 40 mg/dl: N (%) | 42 (21.3%) | 26 (14.1%)* | 7 (17.5%) |
| BP ≥ 90th percentile: N (%) | 53 (26.9%) | 67 (36.2%) | 21 (52.5%)* |
*
α=0.05, p≤0.05, as compared with NHW (reference group)