Table 2.

T cell protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) and autoimmunity

PTP	Gene name	Autoimmune phenotype in mice	Autoimmune phenotype in humans
CD45	PTPRC	SLE-like disease in mice with constitutively active CD45	Genetic association with autoimmune hepatitis, myasthenia gravis and multiple sclerosis
LYP/Pep	PTPN22		Genetic association with multiple autoimmune diseases, including T1D, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, Graves’ disease, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, myasthenia gravis, generalized vitiligo, Wegener’s granulomatosis
PTP-PEST	PTPN12	T-cell deletion reduces susceptibility to EAE
SHP-1	PTPN6	me/me mice show systemic autoimmunity
SHP-2	PTPN11		Located within linkage disequilibrium block that associates with coeliac disease, rheumatoid arthritis, T1D and Crohn’s disease
TCPTP	PTPN2	T-cell deletion leads to spontaneous autoimmunity	Genetic association with T1D, rheumatoid arthritis and coeliac disease
MKP-1	DUSP1	KO mice show delayed EAE development
MKP-5	DUSP10	KO mice protected from EAE
PTEN	PTEN	Autoimmunity in KO heterozygous mice
LMPTP	ACP1		Genetic association with T1D, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis

EAE, experimental autoimmune encephalitis; KO, knockout; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; T1D, type 1 diabetes.