Figure 4.

Concentration-dependent effects of TRAM 34 on ACh-induced hyperpolarization in the presence of apamin. After the control ACh (3 µM)-induced hyperpolarization had been recorded, various concentrations of TRAM 34 were applied as a pretreatment for 5 min and were present during the subsequent application of ACh. Membrane depolarizations induced by various concentrations of TRAM 34 in the presence of apamin (0.1 µM) were as follows: 0.0 ± 0.0 mV by 1 µM, 0.0 ± 0.1 mV by 3 µM, 0.7 ± 0.4 mV by 10 µM and 1.9 ± 0.6 mV by 30 µM. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n= 4–6). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. ‘Control’.