Figure 1. IIF-HEp-2 rods and rings pattern in different slide brands.

Indirect immunofluorescence with a representative anti-RR-positive HCV patient sample diluted 1/80. A, B, and C, slides from Euroimmun at ×1,000 magnification. (A) Ring conformation example; (B) Rod conformation example; (C) Cell with both conformations, depicting the cytoplasmic localization underscored by DAPI staining of the nucleus. (D) Classical RR pattern in INOVA slides, depicting a variable number of 3–10 µm long rods and 2–5 µm diameter rings in the cytoplasm. (E) Typical RR configuration in home-made slides with HEp-2 cells treated with 2 mM ribavirin for 24 h. Non-specific cytoplasmic dots in non-treated home-made HEp-2 slides (F) and in Bion HEp-2 slides (G), respectively. White bar: 20 µm.