Table 1.
Means and standard deviations (in parentheses) for conditions.
| Measurements | COMF | COMF+10 | 2XCOMF | NOISE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sound Pressure Level (dB) | 79.09 | 89.32* | 88.44* | 90.20* |
| (3.98) | (4.59) | (5.50) | (5.44) | |
| First Formant Frequency | 739.99 | 817.04* | 818.66* | 834.31* |
| (Hz) | (110.42) | (127.17) | (137.18) | (127.17) |
| Second Formant Frequency | 1231.55 | 1310.47* | 1299.76 | 1300.12 |
| (Hz) | (162.57) | (189.60) | (159.46) | (189.60) |
| Sentence Duration (s) | 1.75 | 1.82 | 1.78 | 1.85* |
| (0.25) | (0.32) | (0.30) | (0.32) | |
| “Bob” Duration (s) | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 |
| (0.04) | (0.04) | (0.04) | (0.04) | |
| Opening Displacement | 4.86 | 6.06* | 6.35* | 6.27* |
| (mm) | (3.20) | (3.80) | (3.96) | (3.89) |
| Closing Displacement (mm) | 4.73 | 5.88* | 6.08* | 6.07* |
| (3.14) | (3.72) | (3.93) | (3.85) | |
| Opening Velocity (mm/s) | −67.92 | −83.04* | −86.72* | −85.17* |
| (43.16) | (50.53) | (51.40) | (51.84) | |
| Closing Velocity (mm/s) | 74.09 | 91.41* | 93.94* | 92.75* |
| (48.71) | (58.09) | (60.58) | (58.33) | |
| Spatiotemporal Index (STI) | 17.91 | 15.61* | 16.66 | 17.01 |
| (5.76) | (6.31) | (6.31) | (5.77) |
COMF = comfortable loudness condition; COMF+10 = ten decibels above comfortable loudness; 2XCOMF = twice as loud as comfortable loudness; NOISE = in noise; dB = decibels; Hz = Hertz; s = seconds; mm = millimeters.
*
significantly different from COMF