. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Sep 24.

Published in final edited form as: J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2006 Dec;49(6):1368–1379. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2006/098)

Table 2.

Means and standard deviations (in parentheses) for articulators.

Measurements	Lower Lip	Jaw	Upper Lip
“Bob” Duration (s)	0.22	0.25	0.21
	(0.04)^*	(0.04)^*⁺	(0.04)⁺
Opening Displacement (mm)	7.84	7.32	2.49
	(2.81)^*	(3.97)^*	(1.23)
Closing Displacement (mm)	6.91	7.95	2.22
	(2.65)^*	(3.76)^*	(1.23)
Opening Velocity (mm/s)	−101.45^*	−100.95^*	−39.74
	(37.35)	(55.66)	(21.13)
Closing Velocity (mm/s)	118.89^*	110.54^*	34.72
	(43.08)	(58.21)	(15.37)
Spatiotemporal Index (STI)	15.83^*	13.56^*	21.01
	(4.48)	(3.76)	(6.91)

dB = decibels; Hz = Hertz; s = seconds; mm = millimeters.

significantly different from upper lip

⁺

significantly different from lower lip