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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Signal. 2012 Jan 20;24(5):981–990. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.01.008

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Cellular signaling pathways regulated by ROS. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate several signaling pathways through interaction with critical signalingmolecules, affecting a variety of cellular processes, such as proliferation, metabolism, differentiation, and survival (apoptosis signal-regulated kinase 1 (ASK1), PI3 kinase (PI3K), protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP), and Src homology 2 domain-containing (Shc)); antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response (thioredoxin (TRX), redox-factor 1 (Ref-1), and NFE2-like 2 (Nrf-2)); iron homeostasis (iron regulatory protein (IRP)); and DNA damage response (ataxia–telangiectasia mutated (ATM)).