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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Signal. 2012 Jan 20;24(5):981–990. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.01.008

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Mechanism of ROS-mediated protein tyrosine phosphatase inactivation. Tyrosine kinases, activated by growth factors, cytokines, and hormones, phosphorylate target proteins. Phosphorylation can be reversed by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP); ROS inactivates PTP by oxidation of catalytic cysteine residues resulting in the formation of the sulfenic acid (−SOH) intermediate that can form disulfide bonds or sulfenamide residues. Further oxidation of sulfenic acid results in formation of sulfinic (−SO2H) or sulfonic acid (−SO3H), which are relatively irreversible.