Figure 8.

Cues for distinguishing steps and ramps. In panel A, the cues for the step up target are shown. The transition contrast cue marks the transition between the riser and the top of the target panel. The contour kink cue marks the “kink” in the boundary contour of the sidewalk that is created by the step up. In panel B, the L-junction cue marks the L-shaped boundary contour that is created by the step down. In panel C, the contour bend out cue marks the subtle bend in the boundary profile of the sidewalk created by a ramp up. A corresponding bend in cue marks the bend for ramp down. Height in the picture plane, the horizontal bounding contour between the far edge of the target panel and the back wall, is an additional cue that can be used for all five targets. Picture height is high for step up and ramp up, low for step down and ramp down, and intermediate for the flat target. From Legge et al., 2010.³