. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jun 20.

Published in final edited form as: J Soc Serv Res. 2012 Jun 20;38(4):503–514. doi: 10.1080/01488376.2012.696416

Table 2.

Mean Performance on Outcome Measures, by Group and Pre/Post Status

Group	KCAN^a			EC^b			PT^b			IRI-1^b			IRI-2^b
Group	M	SD	n	M	SD	n	M	SD	n	M	SD	n	M	SD	n
Intervention-Pre	.53	0.09	41	4.08	0.68	41	4.00	0.71	41	.	.	.	.	.	.
Intervention-Post	.73^*	0.13	41	4.14	0.71	38	4.21	0.64	38	4.37^†	0.48	37	4.12^*	0.59	37
Comparison-Pre	.55	0.11	51	3.76	0.62	51	3.87	0.60	51	.	.	.	.	.	.
Comparison-Post	.62	0.13	51	3.87	0.63	51	3.96	0.61	51	4.13	0.60	51	3.82	0.62	51

Note. KCAN = Knowledge Scale, Child Abuse and Neglect; EC = adapted Empathic Concern subscale of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) (Davis, 1980); PT = adapted Perspective Taking subscale of the IRI; IRI-1 = Interpersonal Reactivity Index, EC subscale; IRI-2 = Interpersonal Reactivity Index, PT subscale. Unless otherwise noted, unadjusted means are reported throughout the table.

The two original subscales of the IRI were administered at posttest only.

Differences between groups (intervention and comparison) are significant at p .05.

^†

Differences between groups (intervention and comparison) approached significance at p ≤ .05.

Parent Knowledge scores are reported as the percentage of items correct out of 20 questions. Because results were analyzed using an Analysis of Covariance, adjusted means are reported.

Scores on the EC, PT, IRI-1, and IRI-2 scales are reported as the average rating of seven items on a scale from 1 (does not describe me at all) to 5 (describes me very well) with higher scores indicating higher levels of empathic concern (EC and IRI-1) or cognitively taking the perspective of another (PT and IRI-2).