TABLE 1.
Characteristics at baseline by umbilical number
| Arteries |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | 1 | 2 | P value |
| Age, ya | 25.02 ± 5.6 | 24.08 ± 6.0 | .01 |
| Race, n (%) | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | 173 (65.8) | 19106 (46.1) | .0001 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 77 (29.3) | 19134 (46.2) | |
| Others | 13 (4.9) | 3175 (7.7) | |
| Education, n (%) | |||
| Less than high school | 32 (12.6) | 7265 (17.8) | .06 |
| High school | 185 (72.5) | 28558 (70.0) | |
| Greater than high school | 38 (14.9) | 4956 (12.2) | |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |||
| Nonsmoker | 123 (47.3) | 21840 (53.1) | .01 |
| <1 cigarette/d | 3 (1.1) | 762 (1.9) | |
| 1-5 cigarettes/d | 33 (12.7) | 5374 (13.1) | |
| 6-10 cigarettes/d | 27 (10.4) | 5025 (12.2) | |
| 11-20 cigarettes/d | 54 (20.8) | 6356 (15.4) | |
| ≥21 cigarettes/d | 20 (7.7) | 1769 (4.3) | |
| Socioeconomic index, n (%) | |||
| 0-20 | 14 (5.5) | 4818 (11.9) | .01 |
| 21-40 | 85 (33.6) | 13296 (32.9) | |
| 41-60 | 73 (28.8) | 11914 (29.5) | |
| 61-80 | 52 (20.6) | 6895 (17.0) | |
| 80+ | 29 (11.5) | 3538 (8.7) | |
| Sex, n (%) | |||
| Male | 108 (41.1) | 20642 (49.8) | .004 |
| Female | 155 (58.9) | 20772 (50.2) | |
| Previous pregnancies, n (%) | |||
| 0 | 63 (24.1) | 11652 (28.3) | .33 |
| 1 | 55 (21.0) | 8878 (21.5) | |
| 2 | 41 (15.6) | 6484 (15.7) | |
| ≥3 | 103 (39.3) | 14220 (34.5) | |
| Parity, n (%) | |||
| 0 | 67 (25.5) | 12474 (30.2) | .27 |
| 1 | 58 (22.0) | 9510 (23.0) | |
| 2 | 47 (17.9) | 6795 (16.4) | |
| ≥3 | 91 (34.6) | 12551 (30.4) | |
| Gestational age at delivery, wka | 39.3 ± 3.1 | 39.3 ± 3.2 | .71 |
| Intel1egence quotienta | |||
| 4 y | 100.9 ± 15.7 | 97.6 ± 16 4 | .01 |
| 7 y | 97.2 ± 15.2 | 96.0 ± 14.7 | .26 |
| 1-Minute Apgar score, n (%) | |||
| 0-3 | 11 (4.3) | 2031 (5.1) | .81 |
| 4-6 | 35 (13.7) | 5268 (13.3) | |
| 7-10 | 203 (79.6) | 31590 (79.9) | |
| Incomplete data | 6 (2.4) | 682 (1.7) | |
| 5-Minute Apgar score, n (%) | |||
| 0-3 | 3 (1.2) | 518 (1.3) | .57 |
| 4-6 | 11 (4.4) | 1165 (2.9) | |
| 7-10 | 237 (94.4) | 37903 (95.7) | |
| Incomplete data | 0 | 30 (0.1) | |
| Placental weight, ga | 415.9 ± 92.7 | 436.8 ± 96.2 | .0008 |
| Size of infarcts, n (%) | |||
| None | 188 (76.4) | 30752 (78.4) | .26 |
| All infarcts <3 cm | 53 (21.6) | 7180 (18.3) | |
| At least 1 infarct that measures ≥3 cm | 5 (2.0) | 1281 (3.3) | |
| Cord length, cma | 62.0 ± 15.5 | 58.7 ± 13.3 | .0005 |
| Cord around body, n (%) | |||
| None | 255 (97.7) | 40112 (97.5) | .34 |
| Tight | 2 (0.8) | 131 (0.3) | |
| Loose | 4 (1.5) | 902 (2.2) | |
| Insertion of membranes, n (%) | |||
| Marginal | 184 (75.1) | 29736 (75.7) | .99 |
| Circummarginate | 11 (4.5) | 2126 (5.4) | |
| Marginal and circummarginate | 28 (11.4) | 4237 (10.8) | |
| Circumvallate | 8 (3.3) | 1.39 (2.7) | |
| Marginal and circumvallate | 10 (4.1) | 1575 (4.0) | |
| Circummarginate and circumvallate | 3 (1.2) | 416 (1.1) | |
| Marginal, circummarginate, and circumvallate | 1 (0.4) | 127 (0.3) | |
a
Continuous variables are presented as mean ± SD.
Chetty-John. Longitudinal outcomes in isolated single umbilical artery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010.