Table 3.

Examples of incremental cost–effectiveness ratios (ICERs)

Cost-difference between new and existing intervention (ΔC)			Effect difference between new and existing intervention (ΔE)		ICERs
(A)	€ 10,000	New treatment more costly	5	New treatment more effective	€ 2,000
(B)	€ -10,000	New treatment less costly	-5	New treatment less effective	€ 2,000
(C)	€ -10,000	New treatment less costly	5	New treatment more effective	€ -2,000
(D)	€ 10,000	New treatment more costly	-5	New treatment less effective	€ -2,000

Note that the ICERs in situations A and B are identical, however in situation A, the new treatment is both more costly and more effective. While the new treatment in situation B is less costly and less effective