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Material properties of different components
| Material | Elastic modulus (MPa) | Poisson ratio (-) |
|---|---|---|
| Outer element layer of vertebral body (cortical / cancellous bone) | 5,000 | 0.3 |
| Cancellous bone | 500 | 0.2 |
| Posterior bony elements | 3,500 | 0.25 |
| Bone graft | 1,000 | 0.3 |
| Annulus fibrosus (ground substance) | 3.15 | 0.45 |
| MACS-TL system (titanium alloy) | 110,000 | 0.3 |
| Internal fixation device (implant steel) | 210,000 | 0.3 |
