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a Preoperative radiograph in which the angles created by line 1 are sacral tilt (ST) and those created by line 2 are pelvic tilt (PT). b Postoperative radiograph where angles created by line 1 are PT, and those created by line 2 are ST; line 3 is pelvic incidence. c Measurement of overall kyphosis and lordosis preoperatively. d Measurement of postoperative overall kyphosis and lordosis
