Table 1.
Cytokine | Implantation | Post-implantation (abortion/resorption) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Success | Failure | Success | Failure | |
IL-1 | Ab neut (?) | Helps | ||
IL-2 | High doses cause | High doses cause | ||
IL-3 | High doses help | High doses prevent | ||
IL-4 | High doses help | |||
IL-5 | No effect | No effect | ||
IL-6 | High doses cause (?) | High doses (?) | ||
IL-8 | ND | ND | ||
IL-10 | No effect | Helps in resorb prone strains | ||
IL-11 | KO causes | |||
IL-12 | High doses cause | High doses cause | ||
IL-13 | Causes (?) | |||
IL-15 | KO no effect except arteries | KO no effect except arteries | ||
IL-18 | High doses cause | High doses cause | ||
IL-23 | High doses cause | ND | ||
IL-27 | High doses cause | High doses cause | ||
LIF | KO causes | |||
CSF-1 | KO causes | |||
GM-CSF | KO no effect | Prevents | KO increases | |
TNF-α | High doses cause | High doses cause | ||
IFN-γ | KO no effect | High doses cause | ||
TGF-α | Required for adhesion | ND | ||
TGF-βs | Prevents | KO may cause (?) |