Abstract
Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of swim-up method, using different types of semen samples.
Methods: In this retrospective study undertaken in university medical college infertility centre, subfertile couples undergoing Intra Uterine Insemination were selected. A total of 600 semen samples used for the preparation of sperm samples using swim-up method were analyzed. Relative Yield was calculated from the sperm count and motility before and after swim up from each semen sample in six different groups.
Result(s): Statistically significant increase in relative yield was found in oligospermic samples (20.41) followed by teratospermia (16.98). However, relative yield was low in asthenospermic (11.97) and normal (>60 million/ml) samples (11.66).
Conclusion(s): Semen samples with good sperm count resulted in poor recovery after swim up. Swim-up method appears to be effective for oligospermic samples. Modifications like multiple tube swim up, using appropriate incubation time based on the initial semen parameter, will enhance the sperm yield after swim up.
Keywords: IUI, relative yield, sperm, swim up
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (57.0 KB).
REFERENCES
- 1.Taylor PJ, Kredentser JV. Washed intrauterine insemination-indications and success. Int J Fertil. 1989;34:378–384. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 2.Russell LD, Rogers BJ. Improvement in the quality and fertilization potential of a human sperm population using the rise technique. J Androl. 1987;8:25–33. doi: 10.1002/j.1939-4640.1987.tb02413.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 3.Gorus FK, Pipeleers DG. A rapid method for the fractionation of human spermatozoa according to their progressive motility. Fertil Steril. 1981;3(56):662–665. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)45561-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 4.Carreras A, Palma A, Mendoza C. Hypoosmotic swelling test in normo-, oligo-, astheno-and oligoasthenozoospermic men before and after swim-up separation of spermatozoa. Andrologia. 1990;22(4):313–317. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.1990.tb01992.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 5.Oehninger S, Acosta R, Morshedi M, Philput C, Swanson RJ, Acosta AA. Relationship between morphology and motion characteristics of human spermatozoa in semen and in the swim-up sperm fractions. J Androl. 1990;11(5):446–452. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 6.Vijayakumar R, Ndubisi B, De Leon F, Heine W. Sperm wash in three culture media: Maximization of motile sperm recovery during swim-up incubation. Andrologia. 1987;19(5):579–584. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.1987.tb01904.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 7.Carson SA, Reiher J, Scommegna A, Prins GS. Antibody binding patterns in infertile males and females as detected by immunobead test, gel-agglutination test, and sperm immobilization test. Fertil Steril. 1988;49(3):487–492. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)59778-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 8.Berger T, Marrs RP, Moyer DL. Comparison of techniques for selection of motile spermatozoa. Fertil Steril. 1985;43(2):268–273. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 9.Ord T, Patrizio P, Marello E, Balmaceda JP, Asch RH. Mini-Percoll: A new method of semen preparation for IVF in severe male factor infertility. Hum Reprod. 1990;5(8):987–989. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137233. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 10.Van der Zwalmen P, Bertin-Segal G, Geerts L, Debauche C, Schoysman R: Sperm morphology and IVF pregnancy rate: Comparison between Percoll gradient centrifugation and swim-up procedures. Hum Reprod 199;6(4):581-588 [DOI] [PubMed]
- 11.Claassens OE, Menkveld R, Harrison KL. Evaluation of three substitutes for Percoll in sperm isolation by density gradient centrifugation. Hum Reprod. 1998;13(11)::3139–3143. doi: 10.1093/humrep/13.11.3139. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 12.WHO Laboratory Manual for Examination of Human Semen and Semen-Cervical Mucus Interaction. 2nd Ed. Cambridge: The Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge; 1987. p. 28. [Google Scholar]
- 13.WHO Laboratory Manual for Examination of Human Semen and Semen-Cervical Mucus Interaction. 3rd Ed. Cambridge: The Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge; 1992. p. 44. [Google Scholar]
- 14.Mortimer D: Practical Laboratory Andrology. Oxford University Press, 1994
- 15.Purvis K, Egdetveit I. Factors affecting sperm yield during swim-up. J Assist Reprod Genet. 1993;10(2):145–150. doi: 10.1007/BF01207738. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 16.Harris SJ, Milligan MP, Masson GM, Dennis KJ. Improved separation of motile sperm in asthenospermia and its application to artificial insemination homologous (AIH) Fertil Steril. 1981;36(2):219–221. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)45682-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 17.Aitken RJ, Clarkson JS. Significance of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in defining the efficacy of sperm preparation techniques. J Androl. 1988;9(6):367–376. doi: 10.1002/j.1939-4640.1988.tb01067.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]