Table 1.
Transporters involved in transport of iron and copper, respectively, in different cell types.
| Ionic forms | Transport in intestine | Transport in the circulation | Transport in peripheral cells | Transport across the BBB | Transport across the BCB | Transport in neurons | Transport in astrocytes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IRON | |||||||
| Fe2+ (intracellularly) | DMT1 (Mem) | Transferrin | TfR | TfR | TfR | TfR | DMT1 (Mem) |
| Fe3+ (extra-cellularly) | Ferroportin + HP | DMT1 (End) | DMT1 (End) | DMT1 (End) | Ferritin | ||
| Haem-iron: HCP-1, not | Ferritin | DMT1 (Mem) | Ferritin | Ferroportin + GPI- anchored CP |
|||
| involving DMT1 | Ferroportin + CP | Ferroportin + HP | Ferroportin + CP + HP |
(No TfR expression) | |||
| COPPER | |||||||
| Cu+ (intracellularly) | Ctr1 | CP | Ctr1 | Ctr1 | Ctr1 | Ctr1 | Ctr1 |
| Cu2+ (extra-celullarly) | DMT1 (Mem) | Albumin | ATOX1 | ATOX1 | DMT1 (Mem) | ATOX1 | ATOX1 |
| ATP7A | ATP7A/ATP7B | ATP7A | ATOX1 | ATP7A | ATP7A | ||
| ATP7A | ATP7B | ||||||
| ATP7B | |||||||
DMT1 (Mem), DMT1 located in the cell membrane; DMT1 (End), DMT1 located in endosomes; CP, ceruloplasmin; HP, hephestin; TfR, transferrin receptor. Underlined text represents molecules of interaction between iron and copper metabolism. See text for further details.