Table I.
Demographic characteristics of the study populations
| Parameters | Unexposed group | Exposed group | 
|---|---|---|
| Total subjects | 41 | 50 | 
| Age in years (mean ± SD) | 42.15 ± 13.27 | 43.12 ± 13.19 | 
| Sex [N(%)] | ||
| Male | 27 (65.85) | 36 (72.00) | 
| Female | 14 (34.15) | 14 (28.00) | 
| Occupation [N (%)] | ||
| Males | 27 | 36 | 
| Cultivation | 23 (85.18) | 21 (58.33) | 
| Business | 0 (0) | 5 (13.89) | 
| Daily wage earners | 2 (7.41) | 3 (8.33) | 
| Service | 0 (0) | 2 (5.56) | 
| Student | 2 (7.41) | 3 (8.33) | 
| Unemployed | 0 (0) | 1 (2.78) | 
| Retired | 0 (0) | 1 (2.78) | 
| Female | 14 | 14 | 
| Housewife | 14 (100.00) | 14 (100.00) | 
| Smoking Status [N (%)] | ||
| Smoker | 18 (43.90) | 20 (40.00) | 
| Non-smoker | 23(56.10) | 30 (60.00) | 
| Aresnic content (mean ± SD) | ||
| Drinking water (µg/l) | 6.92 ± 2.54 | 218.17 ± 195.23* | 
| Urine (µg/l) | 12.52 ± 9.16 | 473.01 ± 430.91* | 
| Nail (µg/g) | 0.49 ± 0.47 | 4.69 ± 2.98* | 
| Hair | 0.31 ± 0.27 | 3.18 ± 2.39* | 
p<0.0001 (Unpaired two-tailed Mann-Whitney Test)