Table 2.

Two-way NPMANOVA of Bray-Curtis similarities of plant-associated AM fungal communities, represented by DNA or RNA, sampled at either a plant age of 47 days or 104 days^a

DNA or RNA	Factor	No. of days	Pyrosequencing			T-RFLP
			F	P	n	F	P	n
DNA	GM vs non-GM	47				2.73	NS	24
	Cultivar					3.68	0.01
	GM vs non-GM	104	0.83	NS	20	0.72	NS	24
	Cultivar		1.69	NS		0.81	NS
	Time					2.76	0.02	48
RNA	GM vs non-GM	47	0.82	NS	20	2.86	0.04	24
	Cultivar		0.13	NS		2.75	NS
	GM vs non-GM	104	0.49	NS	20	1.34	NS	24
	Cultivar		3.00	0.02		5.01	0.01
	Time		4.38	0.003	40	3.30	0.006	48

^aThe crossed factors are GM versus non-GM and cultivar (K versus M parental cultivar; independent of the GM trait). There were no significant interactions between cultivar and GM versus non-GM in any of the analyses. The effect of the factor time is also presented, where a one-way NPMANOVA was performed contrasting communities at 104 days and 47 days. F, NPMANOVA statistic; P, chance to obtain result if null-hypothesis is true; n, number of observations. Bold numbers indicate significant effects at P < 0.05. No analyses were performed on pyrosequencing data for DNA at 47 days because of the low number of reads. Similarities between separate samples are presented in Table S2 in the supplemental material.