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. 2012 Oct;86(20):11311–11321. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00270-12

Fig 1.

Fig 1

Viral induction of autophagy is impaired in the absence of RNase L. (A and B) Immunoblots for P62, LC3B, and β-actin from WT and Rnasel−/− MEF were infected with EMCV (MOI = 0.01) or VSV (MOI = 0.01) for the indicated times. P62 and LC3BII levels normalized to the β-actin levels were determined from three independent biological replicates. Error bars show standard deviation (SD) and P values were determined by two-tailed Student's t test (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ns, not significant). (C) Immunoblots for P62, LC3B, and β-actin from WT and Rnasel−/− MEF infected with UV-inactivated EMCV (MOI = 1). (D) Immunoblots for P62, LC3B and β-actin from WT and Rnasel−/− MEF treated with chloroquine (CQ) beginning 2 h prior to infection and continuing for an additional 16 h with or without EMCV infection. (E) Immunoblots for P62, LC3B, Flag-tagged RNase L, and β-actin from Rnasel−/− MEF transiently transfected with human Flag-tagged RNase L or empty vector followed by EMCV (MOI = 0.01) infection for 16 h. (F) Immunoblots for P62, LC3B, and β-actin from WT and Rnasel−/− MEF treated with rapamycin (5 μM).