Fig 3.

MDM activation acts on a CD4/CCR5-independent HIV-1 endocytosis pathway. MDMs were differentiated for 7 days; either left untreated (M0), treated with IFN-γ (20 ng/ml) and LPS (100 ng/ml) (M1), or treated with IL-4 (20 ng/ml) (M2a) for 72 h; washed; and then allowed to internalize equal amounts of NL4-3env⁻ (A), NL4-3env⁻/JRFLenv (B), or NL4-3env⁻/VSV-G (C) (standardized in terms of p24) for 2.5 h at 37°C. After a 5-min trypsin treatment to remove membrane-bound viruses, cell lysis was performed. The total intracellular p24 content was quantified by an ELISA and normalized for cell viability (Cellular viability test on uninfected cells). Results are expressed as fold changes compared to M0 and represent mean values (triplicate samples) of several independent experiments (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001). Each symbol represents MDMs from one specific blood donor, and identical symbols are linked to the same donor in panels A to C.