Fig 1.

Genetic map of the dfrG gene locus in S. pyogenes emm1-2 isolates. Genome sequencing of the invasive emm1-2.2 S. pyogenes strain A1085 identified an integrated sequence of 3.3 kb, not present in the genomes of S. pyogenes reference strains. Within the integration sequence, three open reading frames were predicted, which are indicated by gray arrows, with the direction of transcription shown by the arrowhead. ORF_01 was identified as dfrG, encoding the trimethoprim-resistant dihydrofolate reductase. ORF_02 and ORF_03 encode hypothetical proteins. Flanking regions of the integration element were compared with S. pyogenes SF370 (emm1), and SPy_1769 was identified as the integration site. The first 50 nucleotides (nt) of SPy_1769 are shown as a black box, followed by the integration element. Nucleotides 59 to 217 of SPy_1769 are upstream of the integration element, depicted as a black arrow. The white arrow corresponds to the gene Spy_1770.