Table 2.
Ocular parasitosis caused by protozoa (diagnosis and treatment).
| Disease/Infection | Diagnosis | Treatment |
|---|---|---|
| Acanthamoebic keratitis | Corneal scrapings, culture | Propamadine (0.1% solution) + antibacterial preparation, polyhexamethylene biguanide (0.02% solution), chlorhexidine (0.02% solution), keratoplasty. |
|
| ||
| Chagas' disease | Blood smear, Buffy coat*, culture, Xenodiagnosis* | Nifurtimox, benznidazole |
|
| ||
| Giardiasis | Diagnosing intestinal disease and exclusion | Metronidazole, albendazole, paromomycin |
|
| ||
| Leishmaniasis | Tissue smears or biopsy, culture in NNN medium | Antimonials, amphotericin B, Paromomycin, Fluconazole, zinc sulfate |
|
| ||
| Malaria | BFMP*, Buffy coat, PCR, serological | Chloroquine, Primaquine, Dapsone, Mefloquine, artemisinin derevatives |
|
| ||
| Microsporidiosis | Corneal scrapings, biopsy, serological | Albendazole |
|
| ||
| Rhinosporidiosis | Histopathologic demonstration | Dapsone, amphotericin B |
|
| ||
| Toxoplasmosis | Serology (IgM, IgG), PCR | Clindamycin+ azithromycin, pyrimethamine+ sulfadiazine, |
*Buffy coat: The thin layer of concentrated white blood cells that forms when a tube of blood is spun in a centrifuge.
*Xenodiagnosis: a method of animal inoculation using laboratory-bred bugs and animals.
*BFMP: Blood Film for Malaria Parasite.