Table 5.

Ocular parasitosis caused by flat worms (geographical distribution & ocular findings).

Disease/Infection	Causative agent	Geographical distribution	Ocular findings
Cysticercosis	Cysticercus cellulosae	Mexico, Central America, Indian subcontinent, Far East and Africa	Subconjunctival and eyelid masses, papilloedema, cranial nerve palsies, vitritis and optic neuritis
Fascioliasis	Fasciola hepatica	Africa and Asia	Painful red eye, and there may be visual defect
Hydatid cyst	Echinococcus granulosus	South America, Australia, Middle East and Mediterranean countries	Orbital swelling, exophthalmus and proptosis
Schistosomiasis	S. mansoni, S. haematobium, S. japonicum	Sub-Sahara Africa, China, South Asia	Uveitis and subretinal granuloma