Table 1.
Smoking Status by Demographic Characteristics, Midlife in the United States Milwaukee Sample (N = 592)
| Full sample | Stratified by smoking statusa | Chi-square | |||
| Never-smoker (N = 265) | Current smoker (N = 163) | Previous smoker (N = 164) | |||
| % (n) | % | % | % | p value | |
| Sample characteristics | 100.00 (592) | 44.76 | 27.53 | 22.70 | |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 37.50 (222) | 32.08 | 46.95 | 36.81 | .0078 |
| Female | 62.50 (370) | 67.92 | 53.05 | 63.19 | |
| Age | |||||
| 34–54 years | 60.30 (357) | 63.02 | 76.83 | 39.26 | <.0001 |
| 55–85 years | 39.70 (235) | 36.98 | 23.17 | 60.74 | |
| Education | |||||
| Less than high school | 19.29 (114) | 18.49 | 22.56 | 17.28 | .0301 |
| High school degree | 36.38 (215) | 30.94 | 44.51 | 37.04 | |
| Some college | 26.23 (155) | 30.19 | 20.12 | 25.93 | |
| Associate/bachelors degree or beyond | 18.10 (107) | 20.38 | 12.80 | 19.75 | |
| Household income (adjusted for family size) | |||||
| ≤$7,000 | 26.35 (156) | 24.53 | 32.93 | 22.70 | .0480 |
| $7,001–$15,000 | 25.84 (153) | 24.53 | 28.05 | 25.77 | |
| $15,001–$30,000 | 24.83 (147) | 23.77 | 25.00 | 26.38 | |
| ≥$31,000 | 22.97 (136) | 27.17 | 14.02 | 25.15 | |
| Work status | |||||
| Currently employed | 42.57 (252) | 38.49 | 46.34 | 45.40 | .1929 |
| Not working | 57.43 (340) | 61.51 | 53.66 | 54.60 | |
| Marital status | |||||
| Currently married | 62.50 (370) | 61.13 | 67.68 | 59.51 | .2575 |
| Not currently married | 37.50 (222) | 38.87 | 32.32 | 40.49 | |
| Parent status | |||||
| No children | 10.64 (63) | 9.43 | 14.02 | 9.20 | .2548 |
| One or more children | 89.36 (529) | 90.57 | 85.98 | 90.80 | |
| Number of high stress domainsb | |||||
| 0 | 13.34 (79) | 16.98 | 6.10 | 14.72 | <.0001 |
| 1–2 | 39.86 (236) | 42.26 | 28.05 | 47.85 | |
| 3–4 | 28.72 (170) | 29.06 | 36.59 | 20.25 | |
| 5 or more | 18.07 (107) | 11.70 | 29.27 | 17.18 | |
Note. aColumns percentages are presented.
b
High scores were defined as values above the 75th percentile.