Table 1. Baseline Demographic and Clinical Characteristics for Participants (n = 52) and Dropouts (n = 25) of a 2-Year Diabetes Self-Management Support Intervention for African American Adults With Type 2 Diabetes, Ypsilanti, Michigan, 2006-2009a .
| Continuous Variables | Participants, Mean (SD) | Dropouts,b Mean (SD) | P Valuec |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 63.1 (10.3) | 58.3 (10.0) | .06 |
| Years since diagnosis | 11.8 (11.7) | 12.9 (9.0) | .68 |
| HbA1c, % | 7.9 (1.7) | 9.0 (2.8) | .08 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 137.9 (18.2) | 136.9 (15.5) | .81 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 74.9 (10.3) | 78.1 (12.5) | .24 |
| Serum cholesterol, mg/dL | 153.1 (34.0) | 146.9 (38.7) | .48 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 52.8 (12.9) | 51.7 (14.9) | .75 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 96.2 (31.5) | 88.8 (31.1) | .33 |
|
| |||
| Categorical Variables | Participants, n (%) | Dropouts,b n (%) | P Valuec |
|
| |||
| Sex | |||
| Female | 38 (73) | 15 (60) | .30 |
| Male | 14 (27) | 10 (40) | |
| Marital status | |||
| Currently married | 24 (46) | 9 (36) | .77 |
| Separated/divorced | 15 (29) | 7 (28) | |
| Widowed | 6 (12) | 4 (16) | |
| Other | 7 (13) | 5 (20) | |
| Education level | |||
| 8 grades or less | 3 (6) | 0 | .36 |
| Some high school | 2 (4) | 3 (12) | |
| High school graduate or GED | 12 (23) | 6 (24) | |
| Some college or technical school | 25 (48) | 9 (36) | |
| College graduate or higher | 10 (19) | 7 (28) | |
| Annual household income, $ | |||
| 0-9,999 | 6 (12) | 8 (33) | .17 |
| 10,000-19,999 | 13 (25) | 5 (21) | |
| 20,000-29,000 | 8 (15) | 5 (21) | |
| 30,000-59,000 | 13 (25) | 3 (12) | |
| ≥60,000 | 11 (22) | 3 (12) | |
| Employment status | |||
| Currently not working | 13 (25) | 4 (16) | .56 |
| Not currently working | 39 (75) | 21 (84) | |
| Insurance coverage | |||
| Individual plan | 2 (4) | 0 | .06 |
| Employee plan | 19 (37) | 6 (24) | |
| US governmental health plan | 0 | 1 (4) | |
| Medicare | 27 (52) | 11 (44) | |
| Medicaid | 4 (8) | 7 (28) | |
| No health insurance | 0 | 0 | |
| Diabetes treatmentd | |||
| Using insulin | 14 (27) | 12 (48) | .12 |
| Taking pills | 41 (79) | 27 (75) | .57 |
| Using Byetta | 2 (4) | 1 (3) | >.99 |
| Using Symlin | 0 | 0 | >.99 |
| Taking cholesterol pills | 41 (80) | 15 (60) | .09 |
| Taking blood pressure pills | 48 (92) | 20 (80) | .14 |
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; GED, general educational development; NA, not applicable.
a Values may not sum to n because of missing data.
b Dropouts were defined as participants who did not complete the 1-year follow-up assessment.
c We conducted independent sample t tests and Pearson χ2 or Fisher exact tests (the latter for 2 × 2 distributions) to compare the demographic and clinical characteristics between participants and dropouts. None of the comparisons reached significance.
d More than 1 option could be chosen for this category.