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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Sep 25.
Published in final edited form as: Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2012 Jan 12;16(1):103–119. doi: 10.1517/14728222.2011.645805

Table 1.

Frequency of RAS (K-RAS, N-RAS, H-RAS) mutations in different types of tumors

Tumors Frequency of K-RAS mutations Total samples analyzed
pancreas 57% 5169
large intestine 33% 30793
biliary tract 31% 1555
small intestine 20% 316
lung 17% 15080
endometrium 14% 2143
ovary 14% 2956
gastrointestinal tract (site indeterminate) 8% 49
cervix 7% 637
prostate 7% 1126
soft tissue 7% 1070
peritoneum 6% 86
stomach 6% 2571
haematopoietic and lymphoid tissue 5% 5762
liver 5% 450
urinary tract 5% 868
breast 4% 544
eye 4% 90
genital tract 4% 25
oesophagus 4% 359
penis 4% 28
testis 4% 432
autonomic ganglia 3% 63
salivary gland 3% 170
skin 3% 1422
upper aerodigestive tract 3% 1554
thymus 2% 186
thyroid 2% 4710
bone 1% 231
central nervous system 1% 1032
kidney 1% 617
Tumors Frequency of N-RAS mutations Total samples analyzed
skin 18% 4759
NS 17% 282
haematopoietic and lymphoid tissue 10% 8548
thyroid 7% 4206
autonomic ganglia 6% 102
adrenal gland 5% 170
ovary 4% 133
soft tissue 4% 481
liver 3% 310
testis 3% 283
upper aerodigestive tract 3% 807
breast 2% 330
cervix 2% 132
large intestine 2% 1056
pancreas 2% 248
prostate 2% 530
stomach 2% 215
urinary tract 2% 655
biliary tract 1% 213
central nervous system 1% 995
endometrium 1% 314
eye 1% 103
lung 1% 2851
Tumors Frequency of H-RAS mutations Total samples analyzed
salivary gland 15% 161
urinary tract 10% 1499
cervix 9% 264
upper aerodigestive tract 9% 1083
penis 7% 28
prostate 6% 500
skin 6% 2100
soft tissue 5% 712
stomach 4% 384
testis 4% 130
thyroid 4% 3681
pituitary 3% 300
bone 2% 199
thymus 2% 46
adrenal gland 1% 135
breast 1% 542
endometrium 1% 291
oesophagus 1% 161

In bold all somatic mutations that are higher than 10% of frequency. (Sanger mutation database: http://www.sanger.ac.uk/genetics/CGP/cosmic/).