Table 1.
Mean (SD) HbO and HbR responses during the test events. (a) and (b) Experiment 1 and (c) and (d) Experiment 2. For both experiments, one sample t-tests compared HbO and HbR responses (averaged over 6 to 20s) to zero at each channel. One-way ANOVAs tested for differences between groups at each channel. Follow-up comparisons, using independent samples t-tests, were performed for those channels in which a significant effect was obtained.
EXPERIMENT 1: 3–5 MOS HBO | ONE SAMPLE T-TESTS M (SD) | ONE-WAY ANOVA (DF = 53) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Neural Region | Channel | Shape Difference N = 19 |
Color Difference N = 19 |
Control N = 18 |
Between Subjects Effects |
T3 | 1 | .0023 (.003) ** | .00008 (.002) | .0003 (.003) |
F = 4.10
*
η2 = .134 Shape vs. Control t = 2.02 *, df = 35 Color vs. Control t < 1, df = 35 |
2 | .0020 (.008) | .0017 (.008) | .0004 (.007) | F < 1 | |
3 | .0064 (.007) *** | .0020 (.005) | .0004 (.008) |
F = 3.70
*
η2 = .123 Shape vs. Control t = 2.35 *, df = 35 Color vs. Control t < 1, df = 35 |
|
T5 | 4 | .0059 (.007) *** | .0048 (.006) ** | .0043 (.006) * | F < 1 |
5 | .0017 (.007) | .0033 (.006) * | .0034 (.004) * | F < 1 | |
P3 | 6 | .0069 (.007)** | −.0056 (.015) | −.0008 (.011) |
F = 5.89
**
η2 = .182 Shape vs. Control t = 2.52 *, df = 35 Color vs. Control t < 1, df = 35 |
7 | .0034 (.010) | .0045 (.013) | −.0008 (.014) | F < 1 | |
01 | 8 | .0063 (.006) *** | .0043 (.008) * | .0074 (.011) ** | F < 1 |
9 | .0065 (.006) *** | .0052 (.009) * | .0061 (.011) ** | F < 1 | |
EXPERIMENT 1: 3–5 MOS HBR | ONE SAMPLE T-TESTS M (SD) | ONE-WAY ANOVA (DF = 53) | |||
Neural Region | Channel |
Shape Difference N = 19 |
Color Difference N = 19 |
Control N = 18 |
Between Subjects Effects |
T3 | 1 | −.0015 (.004) | .0001 (.003) | −.0005 (.003) | F = 1.10 |
2 | −.0013 (.002) * | − .0008 (.003) | −.0015 (.003) * | F < 1 | |
3 | −.0025 (.003) ** | −.0001 (.003) | −.0011 (.002) |
F = 3.90
*, η2 = .128 Shape vs. Control t = 1.62, df = 35 Color vs. Control t = 1.18, df = 35 |
|
T5 | 4 | −.0011 (.003) | −.0002 (.003) | −.0005 (.003) | F < 1 |
5 | −.0008 (.002) | −.0014 (.004) | −.0002 (.003) | F < 1 | |
P3 | 6 | −.0013 (.003) | .0002 (.005) | .0013 (.004) | F = 1.79 |
7 | −.0031 (.003) *** | −.0002 (.006) | −.0014 (.006) | F = 1.37 | |
O1 | 8 | −.0007 (.002) | −.0010 (.002) | −.0009 (.002) | F < 1 |
9 | −.0003 (.003) | −.0010 (.003) | −.0018 (.004) * | F = 1.04 |
EXPERIMENT 2: 11–12 MOS HBO | ONE SAMPLE T-TESTS M (SD) | ONE-WAY ANOVA (DF = 52) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Neural Region | Channel | Shape Difference N = 19 |
Color Difference N = 18 |
Control N = 18 |
Between Subjects Effects |
T3 | 1 | .0022 (.007) | .0011 (.005) | −.0007 (.004) | F = 1.23 |
2 | .0093 (.017) * | .0038 (.007)* | −.0007 (.005) |
F = 3.60
*
η2 = .121 Shape vs. Control t = 2.33 *, df = 35 Color vs. Control t = 2.17 *, df = 34 |
|
3 | .0063 (.013) * | .0039 (.006) * | −.0015 (.005) |
F = 3.84
*
η2 = .129 Shape vs. Control t = 2.48 *, df = 35 Color vs. Control t = 2.85 **, df = 34 |
|
T5 | 4 | .0042 (.016) | .0018 (.006) | −.0002 (.007) | F < 1 |
5 | .0023 (.006) | .0020 (.007) | .0015 (.006) | F < 1 | |
P3 | 6 | −.0018 (.015) | .0044 (.010) | −.0008 (.009) | F = 1.56 |
7 | −.0044 (.016) | .0041 (.013) | .0022 (.010) | F = 2.14 | |
01 | 8 | .0046 (.007) *** | .0034 (.004) ** | .0021 (.007) | F < 1 |
9 | .0105 (.012) ** | .0042 (.007) * | .0069 (.012) * | F = 1.69 | |
EXPERIMENT 2: 11–12 MOS HBR | ONE SAMPLE T-TESTS M (SD) | ONE-WAY ANOVA (DF = 52) | |||
Neural Region | Channel |
Shape Difference N = 19 |
Color Diffe9ence N = 18 |
Control N = 18 |
Between Subjects Effects |
T3 | 1 | .0009 (.004) | −.0014 (.005) | −.0008 (.005) | F = 1.25 |
2 | −.0013 (.004) | −.0009 (.003) | −.0002 (.003) | F < 1 | |
3 | −.0013 (.004) | −.0029 (.005) * | −.0004 (.004) | F = 1.43 | |
T5 | 4 | −.0001 (.005) | −.0003 (.003) | .0006 (.003) | F < 1 |
5 | −.0001 (.002) | −.0004 (.002) | .0005 (.002) | F < 1 | |
P3 | 6 | −.0006 (.005) | −.0006 (.004) | .0012 (.005) | F < 1 |
7 | −.0024 (.007) | −.0002 (.005) | .0009 (.004) | F = 1.85 | |
O1 | 8 | −.0008 (.002) * | −.0007 (.002) | −.0010 (.002) * | F < 1 |
9 | −.0008 (.002) | −.0019 (.004) | −.0014 (.003) | F < 1 |
In all cases
p < .05;
p < .01;
p < .001, two-tailed.