Figure 2. Pretreatment with (R)-albuterol before TNF-α significantly inhibits TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 mRNA expression in human parasympathetic neurons as detected by real-time qPCR (A).

(S)-or (R,S)-albuterol does not inhibit TNF-α induced ICAM-1 (A). The inhibitory effect of (R)-albuterol on TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 mRNA expression is dose dependent (B). Neither TNF-α nor any albuterol isomer changes eotaxin expression (C). *indicates significantly different from control. **indicates significantly different from TNF-α treatment, as analyzed by one way ANOVA.