Figure 4. Pretreatment with β-receptor antagonist propranolol completely prevents the suppressive effect of R-albuterol on TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 protein expression that is identified by fluorescence intensity of anti-ICAM-1 antibody staining in human parasympathetic nerves.

*indicates significant difference from control, ** indicates significant difference from TNF-α treatment and *** indicates significant difference from (R)-albuterol, as analyzed by one way ANOVA.