Table 2. Crude and adjusted Hazard Ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all-cause mortality related to mental and non-mental sick-leave diagnoses, stratified by sex.
| Sickness absence in 2005 | All, N | Deaths | Model 0 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
| N, % | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |||
| Women | ||||||||
| No sickness absence | 2056182 | 5940 (0.29) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Sickness absence; non-mental diagnoses1 | 198791 | 2194 (1.1) | 4.58 (4.4–4.8) | 3.96 (3.8–4.2) | 3.86 (3.7–4.1) | 2.55 (2.4–2.7) | 2.59 (2.5–2.7) | |
| Sickness absence; mental diagnoses | 52083 | 302 (0.58) | 2.44 (2.2–2.7) | 2.4 (2.1–2.7) | 2.38 (2.1–2.7) | 2.04 (1.8–2.3) | 1.65 (1.5–1.9) | |
| Developmental and organic disorders2 | 115 | 5 (4.35) | 18.55 (7.7–44.6) | 11.56 (4.8–27.8) | 10.78 (4.5–25.9) | 6.92 (2.9–16.6) | 6.07 (2.5–14.6) | |
| Substance - related disorders (F10–F19) | 534 | 20 (3.75) | 15.81 (10.2–24.5) | 13.69 (8.8–21.3) | 11.24 (7.2–17.4) | 7.37 (4.7–11.4) | 2.99 (1.9–4.7) | |
| Schizophrenia and non - affective psychoses3 | 323 | 4 (1.24) | 5.17 (1.9–13.8) | 5.73 (2.2–15.3) | 4.95 (1.9–13.2) | 3.91 (1.5–10.4) | 1.41 (0.5–3.8) | |
| Affective disorders (F30–F39) | 17390 | 106 (0.61) | 2.56 (2.2–3.1) | 2.6 (2.2–3.2) | 2.51 (2.1–3.0) | 2.08 (1.7–2.5) | 1.54 (1.3–1.9) | |
| Neurotic and somatoform disorders 4 | 5411 | 31 (0.57) | 2.41 (1.7–3.4) | 3.21 (2.3–4.6) | 3.01 (2.1–4.3) | 2.47 (1.7–3.5) | 1.83 (1.3–2.6) | |
| Stress -related mental disorders (F43) | 26464 | 123 (0.46) | 1.95 (1.6–2.3) | 1.79 (1.5–2.1) | 1.83 (1.5–2.2) | 1.64 (1.4–1.9) | 1.54 (1.3–1.8) | |
| Behavioural disorders (F50–F59, F90–99) | 1738 | 10 (0.58) | 2.41 (1.3–4.5) | 2.55 (1.4–4.8) | 2.51 (1.4–4.7) | 2.28 (1.2–4.2) | 1.88 (1.0–3.5) | |
| Personality disorders (F60–F69) | 108 | 3 (2.78) | 11.7 (3.8–36.3) | 20.98 (6.7–65.1) | 15.6 (5.0–48.4) | 9.31 (3.0–3.9) | 4.4 (1.4–13.7) | |
| Men | ||||||||
| No sickness absence | 2384466 | 13916 (0.58) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Sickness absence; non - mental diagnosis1 | 141454 | 3144 (2.22) | 4.51 (4.3–4.7) | 3.51 (3.4–3.7) | 3.28 (3.2–3.4) | 2.11 (2.0–2.2) | 2.16 (2.1–2.3) | |
| Sickness absence; mental diagnoses | 24967 | 451 (1.81) | 3.69 (3.4–4.1) | 3.58 (3.3–3.9) | 3.35 (3.1–3.7) | 2.72 (2.5–2.9) | 1.73 (1.6–1.9) | |
| Developmental and organic disorders2 | 130 | 8 (6.15) | 12.83 (6.4–25.7) | 9.11 (4.5–18.2) | 8.11 (4.1–16.2) | 5.69 (2.8–11.4) | 3.63 (1.8–7.3) | |
| Substance - related disorders (abuse/(F10–F19) | 1483 | 102 (6.88) | 14.27 (11.7–17.3) | 12.17 (10.0–14.8) | 8.63 (7.1–10.5) | 5.44 (4.5–6.6) | 1.99 (1.6–2.4) | |
| Schizophrenia and non - affective psychoses 3 | 370 | 16 (4.32) | 8.94 (5.5–14.6) | 11.97 (7.3–19.5) | 9.15 (5.6–14.94) | 6.44 (3.9–10.5) | 2.39 (1.5–3.9) | |
| Affective disorders (F30–F39) | 9374 | 172 (1.83) | 3.74 (3.2–4.4) | 3.6 (3.1–4.2) | 3.35 (2.9–3.9) | 2.69 (2.3–3.1) | 1.71 (1.5–1.9) | |
| Neurotic and somatoform disorders 4 | 2903 | 38 (1.31) | 2.67 (1.9–3.7) | 3.1 (2.3–4.3) | 2.77 (2.0–3.8) | 2.21 (1.6–3.0) | 1.41 (1.0–1.9) | |
| Stress- related mental disorders (F43) | 9948 | 106 (1.07) | 2.17 (1.8–2.6) | 2.05 (1.7–2.5) | 2.1 (1.7–2.5) | 1.87 (1.5–2.3) | 1.63 (1.4–1.9) | |
| Behavioral disorders (F50–F59, F90–99) | 696 | 9 (1.29) | 2.63 (1.4–5.1) | 2.52 (1.3–4.9) | 2.35 (1.2–4.5) | 1.96 (1.0–3.8) | 1.51 (0.8–2.9) | |
| Personality disorders (F60–F69) | 63 | 0 (0) | − | − | − | − | − | |
Model 0: Crude; Model 1: Adjusted for age; Model 2: As model 1 and adj. for educational level, family situation, region, and country of birth; Model 3: As model 2 and adjusted for outpatient and inpatient care due to non-mental diagnoses; Model 4: As model 3 and adjusted for outpatient and inpatient care due to mental diagnoses;
1
Including sick-leave spells for which diagnoses are missing;
2
including F00–09, F70–89;
3
including F20–F29;
4
including F40–F42, F44–F49.