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Principle of the DNA-based walking device. Walker, anchorage sites, and track form the walking system through self-assembly; the locomotion of the walker is realized through toehold-mediated strand displacement. (a) Visible light irradiation (azobenzene, trans) triggers walker motion in the direction of S1→S3; (b) UV light (azobenzene, cis) induces the reverse movement of S3→S1. (Domains a, b, c and d are complementary to a’, b’, c’ and d’, respectively).
