Table 4.
Mean differences in fasting insulin, glucose, and insulin resistance
| Parameter | No of studies | No of participants | Mean difference (99% CI), random effects model | Test for heterogeneity* | Test for overall effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | |||||
| Obese v normal weight | |||||
| All | 8 | 771 | 0.10 (−0.03 to 0.23) | χ2=17.05, I2=59 | Z=1.96, P=0.05 |
| Girls | 2 | 221 | 0.15 (−0.03 to 0.33) | χ2=0.37, I2=0 | Z=2.20, P=0.03 |
| Boys | 2 | 345 | 0.29 (0.12 to 0.46) | χ2=0.18, I2=0 | Z=4.48, P<0.001 |
| Overweight v normal weight | |||||
| All | 3 | 348 | 0.13 (−0.04 to 0.31) | χ2=3.99, I2=50 | Z=1.99, P=0.05 |
| Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance | |||||
| Obese v normal weight | |||||
| All | 7 | 779 | 1.32 (0.83 to 1.82) | χ2=26.89, I2=78 | Z=6.89, P<0.001 |
| Overweight v normal weight | |||||
| All | 2 | 760 | 0.88 (−0.08 to 1.85) | χ2=16.53, I2=94 | Z=2.36, P=0.02 |
| Fasting insulin (pmol/L) | |||||
| Obese v normal weight | |||||
| All | 6 | 629 | 48.47 (31.96 to 64.97) | χ2=18.98, I2=74 | Z=7.56, P<0.001 |
| Girls | 2 | 221 | 70.90 (49.52 to 92.28) | χ2=2.10, I2=52 | Z=8.54, P<0.001 |
| Boys | 2 | 345 | 77.03 (41.70 to 112.36) | χ2=3.45, I2=71 | Z=5.62, P<0.001 |
| Overweight v normal weight | |||||
| All | 3 | 924 | 21.82 (−1.44 to 45.08) | χ2=23.28, I2=91 | Z=2.42, P=0.02 |
*Data for I2 values are percentages.