Table 1.

Mechanisms of action of herbal bioenhancers.

Mechanisms of action	References
Bioenergetic properties	Reanmongkol et al. [9], Jamwal and Singh [10]
Increases gastrointestinal blood supply and reduces hydrochloric acid secretion	Annamalai and Manavalan [11]
Stimulation of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity which enhances uptake of amino acids	Johri et al. [12]
Cholagogues effect	Majeed et al. [13]
Thermogenic and bioenergetics properties	Majeed et al. [13]
Inhibition of gastric emptying time, gastrointestinal transit	Bajad et al. [14]
Inhibition of drug metabolizing enzymes and suppression of first pass metabolism	Atal et al. [15], Reen et al. [16], and Bhardwaj et al. [17]
Modifications in GIT epithelial cell membrane permeability	Khajuria et al. [18]