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. 2012 Sep 17;2012:560846. doi: 10.1155/2012/560846

Table 1.

Differential patterns of PPARs expression in gastrointestinal system disease.

Organ PPARs expression Author and reference
Esophagus PPARγ PPARγ overexpression influences the development of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma Wang et al. [20]

Stomach PPARγ Crucial role of PPARγ in the pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma Ma et al. [21]
PPARγ PPARγ is upregulated in gastric adenocarcinoma Yao et al. [22]
PPARγ PPARγ protein evidenced in gastric adenocarcinoma specimens and PPARγ agonists show dose-dependent inhibitory effects on the proliferation of gastric cancer cell lines Sato et al. [23]

PPARγ PPARγ expression in colorectal cancer is associated with a good prognosis Dai and Wang[24]
Colon-rectum PPARγ PPARγ underexpression is detected in a number of colorectal cancer patients, and epigenetic silencing of PPARγ is a biomarker for colorectal cancer progression and adverse patients' outcome Pancione et al. [26]
PPARγ PPARγ epigenetic silencing is coordinated by UHRF1 mediating colorectal cancer progression, and a significant low PPARγ expression is associated with distant metastases and reduced patients' survival Sabatino et al. [27]

Liver PPARα and PPARγ HCV decreases PPARs in order to induce triglycerides accumulation Ripoli and Pazienza[39]
Romero-Gómez et al.[40]
Pazienza et al.[41]
PPARγ HBx enhances C/EBPαthat in turn induces PPARγ expression and activation Dharancy et al.[42]
Tsujie et al.[43]

Pancreas PPARγ PPARγ is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer and is associated with shorter overall survival times Yu and Jove[44]
PPARγ PPARγ is unaltered in PC but expression levels between PPARγ and DNMT1 and between DNMT1 and DNMT3B are highly correlated Pazienza et al. [45]