Fig. 1.
Lateralization of ACC in observational fear learning. (A) Diagram of the apparatus and treatment used for observational fear conditioning. (B) Representative photograph indicating the location of the implanted cannula in the right ACC. (C) Mice with lidocaine injections into the right ACC (n = 6) before training failed to acquire fear compared with those receiving saline injections (n = 9). (D) Contextual memory 24 h after the training in C. There were significant differences in the observational training (F1,13 = 13.877, P = 0.003) and the 24-h contextual memory (F1,13 = 9.748, P = 0.008). (E and F) Administration of lidocaine into the left ACC before training had no influence on the acquisition of observational fear (F1,21 = 0.0000000489, P = 1, E) and 24-h contextual memory recall after training (F1,21 = 0.00194, P = 0.965; F) (lidocaine, n = 11; saline, n = 12). Error bars represent SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.