Fig. 1.

TLR stimulation and bacterial infection markedly diminish TIPE2 expression. (A) Wild-type (WT) bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (100 ng/mL), Poly(I:C) (10 μg/mL), and Zymosan A (100 μg/mL) for 2 h. TIPE2, IL-6, TNFα, and IFNβ1 mRNA levels were determined by real-time PCR. (B and C) WT BMDMs (B) or RAW 264.7 cells (C) were infected with Escherichia coli or Listeria monocytogenes at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10 for 2 h. The mRNA levels of indicated genes were determined by real-time PCR. (D and E) BMDMs from WT mice were treated with LPS for the indicated times. TIPE2 mRNA (D) and protein (E) levels were analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. BMDMs from TIPE2-deficient mice (Tipe2^−/−) were used as a control. (F) WT BMDMs were infected with or without the indicated bacteria for 8 or 16 h. TIPE2 protein levels were analyzed by Western blot. Statistics were performed on pooled data from three independent experiments. Error bars represent the SDs of the means. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.