Anode/open circuit experiment. (A) Catalytic (turnover) CV recorded by scanning potential of electrode 1 at 0.002 V/s from +0.300 V to −0.750 V (cathodic scan) and back to +0.300 V (anodic scan), whereas electrode 2 is at open circuit (asterisk indicates cathodic scan). Catalytic current, , results from the electron transport to microelectrode bands comprising electrode 1 coupled to cellular acetate oxidation throughout the biofilm. The x axis corresponds to the potential applied to electrode 1. Fits are based on Eq. 1. (A, Inset) Nonturnover CV of electrode 1 at 0.002 V/s recorded in absence of acetate, revealing voltammetric peaks attributable to biofilm redox cofactors (same axis scales). (B, right axis) Potential measured for electrode 2 vs. potential applied to electrode 1. (B, left axis) Corresponding biofilm oxidation state in the vicinity of electrode 1, , and electrode 2, , vs. potential applied to electrode 1 calculated using Eq. 2.