Table 1.

Linear models of marine invertebrate macroevolution

Response variable	Biotic Predictor	Biotic variable	δ18O	δ13C	87Sr/86Sr	δ34S	Eustatic sea level	Multiple R2
Standing richness (IQS)	Extinction rates, μ, one step earlier	−0.417*	−0.465*	+0.294*				0.395
Standing richness (IQS) one step later	Extinction rates, μ	−0.537*	−0.446*	+0.349*		+0.243*	+0.190	0.480
Standing richness (SQS)	Extinction rates, μ, one step earlier	−0.565*	−0.327*	+0.231*	0.508*			0.407
Standing richness (SQS) one step later	Extinction rates, μ	−0.505*	−0.325*	+0.545*		+0.262*		0.431
Even-ness	Extinction rates, μ, one step earlier		−0.377*		−0.398*			0.290
Even-ness one step later	Extinction rates, μ		−0.516*		−0.389*			0.412
Origination rates, λ	Extinction rates, μ, one step earlier		−0.202*		+0.233	+0.385*		0.285
Origination rates, λ, one step later	Extinction rates, μ	+0.231	−0.199			+0.319*		0.260
Extinction, rates, μ	Even-ness one step earlier	+0.414*					−0.332*	0.288
Extinction rates, μ	Standing diversity (IQS) one step earlier	+0.451*				+0.226*	−0.269	0.374
Extinction rates, μ, one step later	Even-ness	+0.399*				+0.216	+0.245	0.275
Extinction rates, μ, one step later	Standing diversity (IQS)	+0.460*				+0.237	+0.227	0.333

IQS = item quota subsampling; SQS = shareholder quorum subsampling.

Slopes of retained predictors (standardized measures) are shown. The biotic predictor entered is specified in each row; abiotic (marine isotopic series and sea level) predictors entered are always the same. Biotic and response variables may be out of step (11 Myr) with the abiotic predictors to allow for lagged effects (as specified). Model simplification was by stepwise subtraction, based on minimizing AIC scores.

^∗P < 0.05 experiment-wise.