TABLE VI.

ODD RATIO AND 95% CI FOR THE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN NONONCOGENIC AND ONCOGENIC HPV EVENTS AND SERUM ANTIOXIDANT NUTRIENT LEVEL: LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS OF PERSISTENT EVENTS¹

	Nononcogenic HPV types					Oncogenic HPV types
	+,−2 (N)3	+,+ (N)	Crude OR	Adjusted4		+,− (N)	+,+ (N)	Crude OR	Adjusted5
				OR	95% CI				OR	95% CI
Vitamin A (μg/ml)
Retinol
≤0.380	43	38	1.00	1.00	Referent	51	47	1.00	1.00	Referent
0.381–0.453	50	34	0.75	0.61	(0.29–1.25)	46	50	1.22	1.50	(0.78–2.90)
0.434–1.900	35	37	1.15	1.07	(0.50–2.28)	52	53	1.14	1.22	(0.62–2.38)
p-trend				0.94					0.56
Carotenoids (μg/ml)
Lutein
≤0.0292	41	33	1.00	1.00	Referent	49	55	1.00	1.00	Referent
0.0293–0.0415	44	35	1.06	0.98	(0.50–2.01)	48	39	0.75	0.82	(0.41–1.67)
0.042–0.807	42	41	1.11	0.95	(0.44–2.04)	52	56	0.97	1.03	(0.53–1.99)
p-trend				0.50					0.91
Zeaxanthin
≤0.0125	43	31	1.00	1.00	Referent	45	55	1.00	1.00	Referent
0.0126–0.0202	43	28	0.90	0.98	(0.45–2.19)	48	43	0.76	0.76	(0.40–1.50)
0.0203–0.054	42	50	1.60	1.17	(0.55–2.50)	56	52	0.80	0.81	(0.44–1.55)
p-trend				0.67					0.49
α-Cryptoxanthin
≤0.005	45	47	1.00	1.00	Referent	50	62	1.00	1.00	Referent
0.006–0.0075	39	27	0.66	0.80	(0.40–1.61)	50	42	0.66	0.64	(0.33–1.29)
0.0076–0.088	44	35	0.76	0.68	(0.33–1.41)	49	46	0.78	0.83	(0.44–1.57)
p-trend				0.29					0.76
β-Cryptoxanthin
≤0.0207	40	36	1.00	1.00	Referent	51	56	1.00	1.00	Referent
0.0208–0.0395	49	28	0.62	0.52	(0.24–1.14)	45	33	0.67	0.76	(0.36–1.58)
0.040–2.20	39	45	1.22	1.08	(0.52–2.26)	53	61	1.05	1.43	(0.59–2.11)
p-trend				0.89					0.73
trans-Lycopene
≤0.013	38	38	1.00	1.00	Referent	51	43	1.00	1.00	Referent
0.0135–0.0271	42	36	0.83	0.69	(0.33–1.41)	39	50	1.61	2.11	(1.03–4.37)
0.0272–0.120	48	35	0.63	0.49	(0.21–1.09)	59	57	1.28	1.43	(0.75–2.75)
p-trend				0.09					0.29
cis-Lycopene
≤0.0210	40	29	1.00	1.00	Referent	47	43	1.00	1.00	Referent
0.0211–0.0397	50	52	1.41	1.45	(0.69–3.05)	40	44	1.25	1.53	(0.73–3.24)
0.0398–0.1633	38	28	0.87	0.72	(0.28–1.80)	62	63	1.28	1.45	(0.75–2.83)
p-trend				0.49					0.29
α-Carotene
≤0.0087	49	35	1.00	1.00	Referent	47	50	1.00	1.00	Referent
0.0088–0.016	33	43	1.86	1.53	(0.72–3.26)	46	40	0.84	0.85	(0.41–1.71)
0.0165–0.065	46	31	0.85	0.62	(0.27–1.44)	56	60	1.06	1.09	(0.57–2.09)
p-trend				0.22					0.76
trans-β-Carotene
≤0.0184	46	41	1.00	1.00	Referent	51	50	1.00	1.00	Referent
0.0185–0.036	37	41	1.22	1.25	(0.62–2.56)	45	47	1.08	1.11	(0.56–2.23)
0.037–0.238	45	27	0.63	0.51	(0.23–1.10)	53	53	1.10	1.08	(0.57–2.04)
p-trend				0.09					0.81
cis-β-Carotene
≤0.005	48	33	1.00	1.00	Referent	55	52	1.00	1.00	Referent
0.006–0.008	47	53	1.56	1.55	(0.76–3.09)	48	41	0.88	0.88	(0.45–1.71)
0.008–0.165	33	23	0.97	0.83	(0.36–1.91)	46	57	1.24	1.33	(0.69–2.52)
p-trend				0.69					0.42
Tocopherols
α-Tocopherol
≤4.27	43	39	1.00	1.00	Referent	56	51	1.00	1.00	Referent
4.28–6.03	47	28	0.62	0.44	(0.19–0.97)	38	49	1.42	1.40	(0.70–2.82)
6.04–17.81	38	42	1.21	0.90	(0.39–2.11)	55	50	1.10	1.15	(0.56–2.27)
p-trend				0.90					0.62
δ-Tocopherol
≤1.36	42	39	1.00	1.00	Referent	56	46	1.00	1.00	Referent
1.37–1.77	44	41	0.99	0.82	(0.38–1.45)	45	54	1.42	1.48	(0.76–2.87)
1.78–4.85	42	29	0.73	0.46	(0.19–1.11)	48	50	1.27	1.41	(0.73–2.73)
p-trend				0.09					0.31
γ-Tocopherol
≤1.36	37	34	1.00	1.00	Referent	51	44	1.00	1.00	Referent
1.37–1.77	50	37	0.82	0.76	(0.36–1.59)	52	60	1.30	1.30	(0.67–2.51)
1.78–4.85	41	38	0.95	0.62	(0.27–1.44)	46	46	1.20	1.27	(0.62–2.57)
p-trend				0.26					0.51

HPV, human papillomavirus; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

¹Results obtained from a time-dependent GEE approach with a logit link for binary outcome.–

²HPV results of 2 consecutive visits were grouped as a pair, see Table I.–

³Total number of observations did not add up to 259 among (+,+) and 277 among (+,−) due to missing data.–

⁴Adjusted for serum cholesterol, time, age, ethnicity, total number of pregnancies, lifetime number of sexual partners and marital status.–

⁵Adjusted for serum cholesterol, time, age, smoking and lifetime number of sexual partners.