Table 3.
Recent Applications of Raw Material Strategies for In Vitro Cartilage Tissue Engineering Applications
| Reference(s) | Raw material(s) | Additional material(s) | Scaffold formulation | Cell type | Growth factor supplementation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Li et al.45 | Collagen type I (rat) | – | Microspheres | Human MSCs | TGF-β3 |
| Lu et al.26 | Collagen type I (porcine) | – | Sponge | Bovine chondrocytes | – |
| Lu et al.33 | Collagen type I (porcine) | PLGA | Porous composite | Bovine chondrocytes | – |
| Ng et al.32 | Collagen type I, collagen type II (porcine) | – | Porous matrix | Porcine MSCs and murine ECCs | TGF-β1 |
| Ohyabu et al.31 | Collagen type I,a HAp, CS | – | Porous composite sponge | Rabbit MSCs | TGF-β3 |
| Yan et al.28 | Collagen type I (bovine), chitosan | Chitosan | Composite hydrogel | Rabbit chondrocytes | – |
| Berendsen et al.36 | Collagen type I (rat), collagen type II (chicken sternum) | – | Hydrogel | Goat articular chondrocytes | – |
| Zhang et al.67 | Collagen type I (bovine), HA, CS | – | Composite hydrogel | Rabbit articular cartilage | – |
| Mueller-Rath et al.59 | Collagen type I (rat) | – | Dense collagen hydrogel | Human articular chondrocytes | – |
| Chang et al.60 | Collagen type II,a CS | PCL | Coated porous mesh | Rat chondrocytes | – |
| Francioli et al.61 | Collagen type II (porcine) | – | Porous matrix | Human articular chondrocytes | TGF-β1, TGF-β3, FGF-2 |
| Vickers et al.22 | Collagen type II (porcine), GAG | – | Composite hydrogel | Carpine MSCs | FGF-2, TGF-β1 |
| Wu et al.62 | Collagen type II (bovine) | Exogenous GAGs | Composite hydrogel | Human articular chondrocytes | – |
| Park et al.77 | HA | Fibrin | Composite hydrogel | Rabbit MSCs | TGF-β1 |
| Fan et al.76 | HA, CS | PLGA, gelatin | Porous composite | Rabbit MSCs | TGF-β3b |
| Correia et al.66 | HA | Chitosan | Porous composite | Bovine chondrocytes | TGF-β3 |
| Nguyen et al.54 | CS, HA | PEG, MMP-pep | Multilayered hydrogel | Murine MSCs | TGF-β1 |
| Coburn et al.97 | CS | PCL, PVAMA, CSMA, PEGDA | Fiber–hydrogel composite | Goat MSCs | – |
| Liang et al.56 | Concentrated CS, collagen type I (bovine) | – | Porous composite | Human MSCs | TGF-β1, FGF-2 |
| Kinneberg et al.53 | CS, collagen type I (bovine) | – | Sponge | Rabbit MSCs | – |
| Wang et al.159 | Human DBM | Gelatin, fibrin glue | Composite sponge | Rabbit articular chondrocytes | – |
a
Collagen species not specified.
b
Denotes incorporation of the protein into the scaffold. All other entries indicate the addition of the growth factor to culture medium; nonessential amino acids, ascorbic acid, and dexamethasone were considered standard chondrogenic medium components and were not factored in for growth factor supplementation.
GAG, glycosaminoglycan; PEG, poly(ethylene glycol); MMPs, matrix metalloproteinase–sensitive peptides; PVAMA, poly-(vinyl alcohol)-methacrylate; CSMA, chondroitin sulfate-methacrylate; PEGDA, poly(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate; ECCs, P19 embryonal carcinoma cells; FGF-2, fibroblast growth factor-2.