(A) V. cholerae strains, including the dksAVc mutant, showed no growth defect in LB (nutrient-rich medium). Strains used are as follows: Wt, N16961; ΔdksA, N-DksA1; ΔdksA+pEmpty, N-DksA1(pDrive); ΔdksA+pDksAvc, N-DksA1(pDDKW1); ΔdksA+pDksAec, N-DksA1(pJK537). (B) Growth phenotypes of V. cholerae cells in M9M medium. Strains are as indicated for panel A. Error bars indicate standard deviations.